“A man has free choice to the extent that he is rational.”
- 1225 – March 7, 1274
- Born in the Kingdom of Sicily (Italy)
- Theologian, philosopher
- A representative figure of scholasticism, who systematized the relationship between the doctrines of the Catholic Church and reason through his masterpiece, the Summa Theologica
Quote
“A man has free choice to the extent that he is rational.”
Explanation
Thomas Aquinas asserts here that free choice is fundamentally linked to the capacity for rational thought. In Aquinas’s view, human beings are endowed with free will, but their ability to exercise this freedom effectively depends on their ability to reason. Rationality provides individuals with the power to discern between good and bad choices, enabling them to make decisions that align with their values and contribute to their well-being. Thus, true freedom, for Aquinas, is not just the ability to make choices, but the ability to make informed, reasoned decisions.
During the 13th century, Aquinas was deeply influenced by both Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy. He believed that human beings are unique in their capacity for rational thought, which is what distinguishes them from other creatures. Aquinas argued that this rational capacity allows humans to understand moral truths, make ethical choices, and ultimately choose actions that lead toward fulfillment and, ultimately, salvation. His notion of free will was not about acting without restraint, but rather about using reason to align one’s actions with divine law and natural morality.
In the modern context, Aquinas’s perspective on free choice can be applied to discussions on autonomy and responsibility. Today, the emphasis on education, critical thinking, and informed decision-making reflects Aquinas’s belief that true freedom comes from rational discernment. For example, an individual who is well-informed about the consequences of their actions is more likely to make responsible choices, whether in personal relationships, career paths, or civic duties. Aquinas’s insight reminds us that the quality of our freedom is enhanced by our commitment to rational thought and ethical deliberation, ensuring that our choices lead to positive outcomes for ourselves and society.
