“He who can be, and therefore is, another’s, and he who participates in reason enough to apprehend, but not to have, is a slave by nature.”
- 384 BC – 322 BC
- Originating from Macedonia in ancient Greece
- Philosopher and scientist, founder of the Lyceum academy
- A student of Plato, he constructed systematic knowledge in logic, biology, politics, ethics, etc., and had a major impact on the development of Western thought and science
Quote
“He who can be, and therefore is, another’s, and he who participates in reason enough to apprehend, but not to have, is a slave by nature.”
Explanation
In this quote, Aristotle introduces his view of natural slavery. He suggests that some people are naturally suited to be slaves because they possess only enough reason to understand commands or to follow directions but not enough to independently exercise reason or make autonomous decisions. According to Aristotle, these individuals lack the full capacity to govern themselves and thus are naturally inclined to serve others, who are more capable of exercising reason and self-governance. The phrase “can be another’s” refers to the idea that these individuals are essentially dependent on others for their direction, making them naturally suited for a subordinate role.
Aristotle’s notion of natural slavery has been highly criticized, especially in modern ethical and human rights frameworks. Today, we reject the idea of natural slavery, recognizing that all individuals have the inherent dignity and capacity for reason, and the concept of slavery is unjust and incompatible with the principles of freedom and equality. Aristotle’s view was shaped by the societal norms of his time, where slavery was a widespread institution, and he believed that some individuals were naturally suited to this position, which we now understand to be a deeply problematic and discriminatory view.
However, Aristotle’s emphasis on reason still resonates in contemporary discussions on education and empowerment. While he wrongly limited the capacity for reason based on class or status, the concept that education and the development of reason play essential roles in enabling individuals to participate fully in society and make informed decisions is still vital. Aristotle’s quote challenges us to reflect on how social structures and opportunities for growth shape the autonomy of individuals and emphasizes the importance of providing equal opportunities for education and self-determination.
