“Some animals are cunning and evil-disposed, as the fox; others, as the dog, are fierce, friendly, and fawning. Some are gentle and easily tamed, as the elephant; some are susceptible of shame, and watchful, as the goose. Some are jealous and fond of ornament, as the peacock.”
- 384 BC – 322 BC
- Originating from Macedonia in ancient Greece
- Philosopher and scientist, founder of the Lyceum academy
- A student of Plato, he constructed systematic knowledge in logic, biology, politics, ethics, etc., and had a major impact on the development of Western thought and science
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Quote
“Some animals are cunning and evil-disposed, as the fox; others, as the dog, are fierce, friendly, and fawning. Some are gentle and easily tamed, as the elephant; some are susceptible of shame, and watchful, as the goose. Some are jealous and fond of ornament, as the peacock.”
Explanation
In this quote, Aristotle draws comparisons between different animal species and their characteristic behaviors, using them as metaphors to explore the diversity of human traits. He categorizes animals based on their personalities or temperaments, suggesting that certain qualities—such as cunning, fierceness, gentleness, or jealousy—are inherent in particular species. For example, the fox is associated with cunning and a devious nature, while the dog is seen as loyal, fierce, and affectionate. Similarly, the elephant is known for being gentle and easy to tame, while the goose is described as watchful and sensitive to shame, and the peacock is portrayed as jealous and fond of beauty.
Aristotle’s descriptions of these animals serve as a way to understand the wide range of possible temperaments in both the animal world and the human experience. He suggests that just as animals display various personalities, humans also embody a spectrum of virtues and flaws, which can be shaped by nature or experience.
This concept remains relevant today in both psychology and behavioral science. Much like how certain traits or temperaments are attributed to animals, humans can be categorized by certain behavioral patterns or emotional tendencies. People might display traits like courage (the lion), loyalty (the dog), or pride (the peacock), while others may struggle with jealousy, cunning, or a tendency to be overly proud. Aristotle’s classification of animal temperaments reminds us of the complexity of both human and animal nature and how our internal characteristics can influence our actions and interactions.
