“Mankind is not likely to salvage civilization unless he can evolve a system of good and evil which is independent of heaven and hell.”
- June 25, 1903 – January 21, 1950
- Born in India during the British colonial period
- Author, journalist
- Through his representative works “1984” and “Animal Farm,” he presented sharp criticism of totalitarianism and the abuse of power, greatly influencing contemporary literature and thought.
Quote
“Mankind is not likely to salvage civilization unless he can evolve a system of good and evil which is independent of heaven and hell.”
Explanation
In this quote, George Orwell argues that for human civilization to survive and progress, it must develop a moral framework that is not dependent on religious or supernatural concepts of heaven and hell. Orwell suggests that reliance on divine judgment or religious dogma as the basis for determining good and evil limits humanity’s ability to evolve and address complex moral and social issues in a rational, practical way. Without the constraint of these religious beliefs, humanity could potentially create a more universally applicable and rational moral system based on human experience, reason, and the needs of society rather than on divine reward or punishment.
Orwell’s concern with the limitations of religious-based morality is rooted in his broader critique of ideologies and the use of absolute systems—whether religious or political—to justify oppressive actions. Throughout his life, Orwell observed the dangerous effects of dogmatic thinking, including how religious and ideological systems could be used to justify cruelty, exploitation, or injustice. In works like 1984, Orwell critiques the way totalitarian regimes manipulate beliefs about truth, morality, and justice to control societies. For Orwell, moral autonomy—the ability to discern right from wrong without relying on supernatural explanations—is key to advancing a society that is just and rational.
This quote remains highly relevant today as societies continue to grapple with ethical dilemmas related to issues such as human rights, justice, and environmental responsibility. In a pluralistic world, where people adhere to different religious and cultural beliefs, the need for a moral system that transcends specific religious doctrines is more pressing than ever. Orwell’s insight suggests that secular ethics and the principles of reason could offer a more inclusive and adaptable foundation for understanding and addressing good and evil in a complex, modern world. It challenges us to think about morality as something grounded in human experience and reason, rather than divine authority, if we are to create a fairer, more sustainable society.
