“In doubtful cases the more liberal interpretation must always be preferred.”
- January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC
- Roman
- Orator, Philosopher, Statesman, Lawyer, Author
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Quote
“In doubtful cases the more liberal interpretation must always be preferred.”
Explanation
Cicero argues that when faced with ambiguity—particularly in law, ethics, or public policy—we should favor the more generous, inclusive, or lenient interpretation. A “liberal” reading does not mean laxity, but rather one that aligns with fairness, compassion, and the broader spirit of justice. This principle ensures that uncertainty is resolved not by rigid literalism but by reasoned equity, prioritizing human dignity and common good.
This view aligns with Cicero’s belief in natural law, which holds that justice stems from universal moral principles, not merely written statutes. In Roman legal culture, Cicero consistently advocated for interpretation guided by the intent of the law, rather than its most restrictive reading. He feared that excessive legalism could undermine the ethical foundation of the republic, and so urged decision-makers to apply wisdom and humanity when the law left room for doubt.
In modern jurisprudence and governance, Cicero’s insight remains highly relevant. In cases where law or language is unclear, this approach favors rights over punishment, inclusion over exclusion, and mercy over severity. It is a reminder that justice thrives not in technical exactness but in thoughtful, humane interpretation—an ideal as necessary today as it was in ancient Rome.
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