“Law; an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has care of the community.”
- 1225 – March 7, 1274
- Born in the Kingdom of Sicily (Italy)
- Theologian, philosopher
- A representative figure of scholasticism, who systematized the relationship between the doctrines of the Catholic Church and reason through his masterpiece, the Summa Theologica
Quote
“Law; an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has care of the community.”
Explanation
Thomas Aquinas provides a clear definition of law that emphasizes its rational and moral purpose within society. According to Aquinas, law is an ordinance of reason, meaning it is created based on rational thought and intended to guide behavior towards what is good and just. The purpose of law, he argues, is the common good—it should benefit not just individuals but the entire community. Laws should reflect justice and contribute to the well-being and harmony of society. Aquinas also points out that law must be made by those who have authority and are responsible for the community, ensuring that laws are established for the benefit of all, rather than for selfish or arbitrary reasons.
Aquinas lived during the 13th century, a time when Church authority and monarchical rule were central to governance. His understanding of law was influenced by both Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy. He believed that true laws must align with natural law—a universal moral order established by God. Thus, law is more than just a set of rules; it is a moral framework that serves the greater good and aims to create a just society. Aquinas held that laws that do not align with reason or fail to serve the common good are not true laws but rather a form of tyranny.
In modern society, Aquinas’s definition of law is highly relevant, especially when considering justice, authority, and the role of governance. It reminds us that laws must be based on reason and aim for the benefit of all, not just specific groups or individuals. Laws that do not serve the common good or that are irrational often lead to injustice and social unrest. For example, a fair legal system should protect human rights, promote equity, and ensure the well-being of all members of society. Aquinas’s perspective encourages lawmakers and leaders to prioritize the common good and to ensure that their laws are just, rational, and created with genuine care for the welfare of the community they serve.
