“The highest manifestation of life consists in this: that a being governs its own actions. A thing which is always subject to the direction of another is somewhat of a dead thing.”
- 1225 – March 7, 1274
- Born in the Kingdom of Sicily (Italy)
- Theologian, philosopher
- A representative figure of scholasticism, who systematized the relationship between the doctrines of the Catholic Church and reason through his masterpiece, the Summa Theologica
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Quote
“The highest manifestation of life consists in this: that a being governs its own actions. A thing which is always subject to the direction of another is somewhat of a dead thing.”
Explanation
In this quote, Thomas Aquinas emphasizes the value of autonomy as the defining feature of true, vibrant life. He argues that the ability to govern one’s own actions represents the highest expression of life and vitality. According to Aquinas, being able to make independent decisions is what distinguishes a living, dynamic being from something that lacks agency or freedom. A being that is constantly under the control of another loses its essence and vitality, resembling something lifeless. Autonomy, therefore, is central to the fulfillment and realization of one’s purpose.
Aquinas lived during a time when the concept of free will was a significant topic in both philosophy and theology. He believed that God endowed human beings with free will as an essential aspect of their nature, which allows them to pursue goodness and virtue. This freedom, to Aquinas, was not just about being able to make any choice but about having the capacity to choose actions that align with reason and ultimately lead to spiritual fulfillment. He understood that without the ability to act freely, individuals could not achieve their highest potential, nor could they genuinely be held accountable for their moral choices.
In modern times, Aquinas’s message can be seen as a celebration of individual freedom and the importance of self-determination. It speaks to the core human desire for independence, whether it be in personal decision-making, creative expression, or the pursuit of one’s goals. For example, people often feel most alive and fulfilled when they have the freedom to make choices that reflect their values and passions, whether in their careers, relationships, or daily activities. Conversely, situations where individuals are overly controlled—such as oppressive work environments or restrictive relationships—can lead to feelings of being diminished or lifeless. Aquinas’s insight underscores that true vitality comes from having the agency to shape one’s own life, making choices that reflect who we are and what we aspire to become.
