“Governments need to have both shepherds and butchers.”
- November 21, 1694 – May 30, 1778
- Born in France
- Philosopher, man of letters, historian
- Wrote many works, including “Philosophy of History,” “De Toleration,” “Philosophical Dictionary,” “Philosophical Letters,” “Oedipus,” and “Candide,” and is known as a pioneer of Enlightenment thought.
Quote
“Governments need to have both shepherds and butchers.”
Explanation
This quote reflects Voltaire’s cynical view of political power and the balance of authority. He suggests that effective governments require both “shepherds,” who guide, protect, and care for the people, and “butchers,” who maintain order and enforce laws, sometimes through force or harsh measures. Voltaire’s statement highlights the dual roles that governments often play: one of nurturing and protecting their citizens, and another of maintaining control through discipline or even violence when necessary.
In modern contexts, this idea resonates with the complex and sometimes contradictory roles of governments in maintaining social order. Governments must provide for the well-being of citizens, ensuring access to education, healthcare, and security (the shepherd role), while also enforcing laws and dealing with crime or unrest through police or military power (the butcher role). Voltaire’s quote suggests that both aspects are necessary, even if they seem to be in tension with each other.
A specific example of this principle can be seen in the role of law enforcement in modern societies. While the police and military are tasked with ensuring public safety and enforcing the law, they must also protect citizens’ rights and serve the community. Voltaire’s quote serves as a reminder of the balance that governments must strike between compassion and control in order to function effectively.
