“Woe to the makers of literal translations, who by rendering every word weaken the meaning! It is indeed by so doing that we can say the letter kills and the spirit gives life.”
- November 21, 1694 – May 30, 1778
- Born in France
- Philosopher, man of letters, historian
- Wrote many works, including “Philosophy of History,” “De Toleration,” “Philosophical Dictionary,” “Philosophical Letters,” “Oedipus,” and “Candide,” and is known as a pioneer of Enlightenment thought.
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Quote
“Woe to the makers of literal translations, who by rendering every word weaken the meaning! It is indeed by so doing that we can say the letter kills and the spirit gives life.”
Explanation
This quote reflects Voltaire’s critique of overly literal translations, which prioritize exact wording at the expense of capturing the true meaning or spirit of the original text. He warns that adhering too rigidly to individual words can dilute the essence of the message, stripping it of its intended nuance, emotion, or context. Voltaire’s reference to “the letter kills and the spirit gives life” echoes the idea that understanding the broader intent is more vital than mechanical precision.
In modern contexts, this principle is relevant in translation, communication, and interpretation. For instance, in literature or diplomatic exchanges, a literal translation may fail to convey the cultural or emotional undertones of the original, leading to misunderstandings or loss of impact. Voltaire’s insight underscores the importance of balancing fidelity to the text with an appreciation for its deeper meaning.
A specific example of this principle can be seen in translations of poetry or philosophical works. A literal translation of a poem might preserve the words but fail to replicate its rhythm, imagery, or emotional resonance. Voltaire’s quote reminds us that effective communication often requires a thoughtful approach that prioritizes meaning and intent over strict adherence to form.
