“If forgers and malefactors are put to death by the secular power, there is much more reason for excommunicating and even putting to death one convicted of heresy.”
- 1225 – March 7, 1274
- Born in the Kingdom of Sicily (Italy)
- Theologian, philosopher
- A representative figure of scholasticism, who systematized the relationship between the doctrines of the Catholic Church and reason through his masterpiece, the Summa Theologica
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Quote
“If forgers and malefactors are put to death by the secular power, there is much more reason for excommunicating and even putting to death one convicted of heresy.”
Explanation
This quote reveals Thomas Aquinas’s perspective on the severity of heresy and the potential consequences it warrants. In Aquinas’s view, heresy—an act of denying or distorting the core tenets of the Christian faith—was seen as a grave danger to both the soul and society. He draws a parallel between secular crimes like forgery, which threaten societal order, and heresy, which he believed endangered both the spiritual well-being of individuals and the unity of the Church. To Aquinas, the implications of heresy were so severe that it justified extreme measures, including excommunication and even capital punishment, as a way of protecting the greater good of society.
Aquinas lived during the 13th century, a time when the Church held significant power, and religious uniformity was considered essential for societal stability. The medieval Church viewed heresy as not only a religious offense but also a threat to the social order, as it could lead to dissent, division, and rebellion against established norms. The punishment for heresy, often including execution, reflected the belief that such actions were necessary to maintain the cohesion of both the Church and the state. Aquinas’s stance was influenced by the prevalent views of his time, which saw the unity of faith as fundamental to the stability and well-being of the community.
In modern times, this view is largely seen as extreme, reflecting a different context and understanding of freedom of belief and human rights. Today, most societies uphold the principle that individuals have the right to their own beliefs without fear of persecution or death. Aquinas’s perspective, rooted in the historical context of medieval Christendom, serves as a reminder of how ideas of justice and morality have evolved over time. The emphasis in current times is on dialogue, tolerance, and coexistence, rather than coercion or punitive actions against those with differing beliefs. This shift highlights the growing recognition of individual rights and the importance of safeguarding freedom of thought and expression.
